Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš, Serbia

Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš, Serbia

The paper is available at the following link: PDF

Abstract:

This paper presents the application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for optimizing the design of CMOS ring oscillators. The oscillation frequency of ring oscillators is strongly dependent on the propagation delay of inverter stages, which is influenced by transistor dimensions and load conditions. In this work, PSO is employed to minimize the average propagation delay of a CMOS inverter by optimizing the NMOS and PMOS transistor widths. An RC-based delay model is used to evaluate inverter performance, and the optimization process searches for parameter combinations that yield reduced delay and improved timing characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimized design achieves a lower average propagation delay and a balanced transistor width ratio, which confirmed that the PSO is an efficient design automation tool for similar CMOS circuits.

Keywords:

CMOS ring oscillator, Particle Swarm Optimization, inverter propagation delay, circuit optimization, low-power design.

REFERENCES:

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